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What is Bladder Cancer? Bladder cancer  refers to any of several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder. It is a disease in which abnormal cells multiply without control in the bladder. The bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that stores urine; it is located in the pelvis. The most common type of bladder cancer begins in cells lining the inside of the bladder and is called transitional cell carcinoma (sometimes urothelial cell carcinoma). Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in cells that normally make up the inner lining of the bladder). What are the Causes of Bladder Cancer? We do not know exactly what causes  bladder cancer ; however, a number of carcinogens have been identified that are potential causes, especially in cigarette smoke. Research is focusing on conditions that alter the genetic structure of cells, causing abnormal cell reproduction. We do know that the following factors increase a person's risk of devel

Rhinoplasty Surgery in India Rhinoplasty  (RIE-no-plas-tee) is surgery that changes the shape of the nose. The motivation for rhinoplasty may be to change the appearance of the nose, improve breathing or both. The upper portion of the structure of the nose is bone, and the lower portion is cartilage. Rhinoplasty can change bone, cartilage, skin or all three. Talk with your surgeon about whether rhinoplasty is appropriate for you and what it can achieve. When planning rhinoplasty, your surgeon will consider your other facial features, the skin on your nose and what you would like to change. If you're a candidate for surgery, your surgeon will develop a customized plan for you. Sometimes part or all of a rhinoplasty is covered by insurance. Why it's done Rhinoplasty  can change the size, shape or proportions of your nose. It may be done to repair deformities from an injury, correct a birth defect or improve some breathing difficulties. Risks As

What is Cancer? Cancer  is a medical term used to refer any one of a large number of diseases, characterized by the development of abnormal cells. Diseased cells grow and divide uncontrollably. They have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. The disease also has the ability to spread throughout your body by the means of lymph systems and blood. Cancer cannot be specifically regarded as one disease rather it is made up of many diseases. More than 100 types of cancers exist and are there that are named after the type of cell or organ from where they originate. The types of cancer can be categorized into different groups. Some of the major categories are: Carcinoma:  It is referred to a category of cancer originating in the human body tissues, in the skin or the tissue of internal organs. It can be further categorized into different subtypes that include basal cell carcinoma, transitional carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Sarcoma:

What Is herniated Disk Surgery? A  herniated disk  is the problem with one of the disks that act as cushions between individual vertebrae that comprises to make the spine. A spinal disk has a soft center encased within a tough exterior. A herniated disk occurs when some of the soft part pushes out through a crack in the tougher exterior. A Spinal Disk Herniation can irritate adjacent nerves and cause pain, numbness or weakness in an arm or leg. Some people also experience no symptoms from a herniated disk, and most people who have a herniated disk don't need surgery to rectify the problem. Symptoms of a Herniated Disc? Not all  herniated disc  patients have symptoms When a slipped disc presses against the spinal nerves, the person feels pain, numbness, tingling, or muscle weakness. The pressure the herniated disc on the spinal nerves determines how bad the symptoms will be. Otherwise harmless actions like laughing, coughing, sneezing, urinating, or even straining

What is Bone Marrow? A part of bones called “ bone marrow ” create blood cells. Marrow is the soft, spongy tissue inside your bones. Bone marrow produces blood cells called “hematopoietic” stem cells. These cells will develop into many different kinds of cells. They can turn into more bone marrow cells. Or they can turn into any type of blood cell. Certain cancers and different types of diseases keep hematopoietic stem cells from developing normally. If they’re not normal, neither are the blood cells that they make. A stem cell transplant provides you new stem cells. The new stem cells can make new, healthy blood cells. It creates the following parts of the blood. Red Blood Cells: which carry oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. White Blood Cells: which fight infection. Platelets: which are responsible for the formation of clots. What is a Bone Marrow Transplant? Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) is a special therapy for patients with certain cancers or other dis

What is VSD (ventricular septal defect)? A  ventricular septal defect  (VSD) is a type of birth defect (congenital condition) which results in the development of a hole in the wall separating the two lower chambers (ventricular chambers) of the heart. This wall of membranous tissue and inferior muscles is known as the ventricular septum and the hole is more commonly seen in the membranous portion of the septum (chamber wall). What are the signs and symptoms of a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)? Ventricular septal defect (VSD)  is mostly a congenital (birth) defect that is seen in infants around a few weeks after birth. Some of the signs and symptoms seen in a developing VSD include pansystolic murmur in the lower left sterna border, troubled blood flow, irregular heartbeat as well as pulmonary hypertension as a result of increase in the blood flow. Eisenmenger's syndrome may also be caused which results in the pressure to increase in the pulmonary vascular bed. The c

Multiple Myeloma Treatment in India About Multiple Myeloma Multiple myeloma  is the second most common type of blood cancer. Also known as Myeloma, it starts in the plasma cells of the bone marrow. Plasma cells are short lived antibody (protein) producing cells, derived from a type of white blood cell (B-Lymphocyte). They make different forms of proteins (antibody) that helps fight infection. Malignant transformation of plasma cells results in defective and abnormal single protein formation called monoclonal or M protein. When plasma cells become cancerous and grow out of control, they produce a tumor called plasmacytoma. If someone has only a single plasma cell tumor, the disease is called solitary plasmacytoma or if someone has more than one plasmacytoma, it is called multiple myeloma. Risk Factors: There is no exact cause known for the disease. However there are few risk factors associated with increased risk of multiple myeloma, these include: Age factor:  More co

Testicles Cancer Testicle (testicular) cancer  is a comparatively rare type of cancer that affects the testicles in men. The testicle (testes) is located in a loose bag of skin called the 'scrotum' which is situated under the penis. The cancer in the testicles can affect the production of important male sex hormones and sperm in men as well as spread (metastasize) to other surrounding organs in the body. Testicular cancer  is highly treatable even in the event that it has spread to other parts of the body. There are several forms of treatments for testicular cancer and the surgeon/doctor will decide on the best form of treatment for your individual case depending on the type of testicle cancer, its stage, etc. What are the signs and symptoms of Testicle Cancer? These are the commonly seen signs and symptoms which usually indicate towards the development of testicle cancer: Lump/bump in either testicle Heaviness felt in scrotum Dull ache in groin/abdomen Sudde

What is Ovarian cancer ? Ovarian Cancer  is one of the most prevalent types of Cancer affecting several women around the world. It starts in the ovaries, which are the reproductive glands found only in females. One ovary is found on each side of the uterus. The ovaries produce eggs or ova that are helpful for reproduction. These eggs pass through the fallopian tubes into the uterus where the fertilized egg gets implanted and grows to become a foetus. The ovaries are also the primary source of the female hormones known as estrogens and progesterone. Types of ovarian cancer The ovaries are made up of three kinds of cells and each kind of cell can develop into a different sort of tumor: Epithelial tumors  - Initiate from the cells that cover the exterior part of the ovary and maximum ovarian tumors are epithelial cell tumors. Germ cell tumors  - These start from the cells that facilitate the production of the eggs or ova. Stromal tumors  - These tumours develop from the str

Total Shoulder Replacement  Arthroplasty is a very well established surgical procedure for restoring comfort & function in patients with arthritic shoulders. Arthritic ball is replaced by a smooth metallic ball which is fixed to humerus (arm bone) by a stem which fits in it during this procedure. Arthritic glenoid (socket) is also resurfaced as part of this procedure with high-density polyethylene prosthesis. Among different types of surgical options which are available for arthritis shoulders, this procedure seems to provide the most rapid & complete improvement & which is comfortable & functional for patients with arthritis in shoulders. Success will however require technical excellence of surgery & patient's commitment to exercise program until desired range of motion can be comfortably achieved. Key Parts of the Normal Shoulder Joint Humeral head or the ball fits within the socket called glenoid & which is held there by the  rotator cuff. What